Endogenous proatherosclerotic peptide hormone.

GIP_HUMAN[22-51] is a potent proatherosclerotic peptide hormone which has a common precursor with glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Chronic infusion of GIP_HUMAN[22-51] into ApoE ??/ ?? mice accelerates the development of aortic atherosclerotic lesions and it also increases the serum concentrations of many inflammatory and proatherogenic proteins, and induces IκB-? degradation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB in human vascular endothelial cells and macrophages. GIP_HUMAN[22-51}] can also be labelled with 5-carboxyfluorescein and stable isotope labelled, please inquire.